have contributed to

基本解释

Nor is it really possible to decide how much individuals have contributed to a complex, cooperative, system of production, in order to reward them according to their labor.
为了根据他们的劳动给予他们报酬，从而判定个人对一个复杂的互助生产系统做了多少贡献，这在实际上也是不可能的。
It further notes examples of cooperation between the UN and partners, in particular, the private sector, which have contributed to the pursuit of development and the eradication of poverty.
进一步注意到联合国与所有相关伙伴，尤其是私营部门合作的宝贵范例，它已经在谋求发展及消灭贫穷中做出了贡献。
High energy prices—Chile imports almost all its oil and gas—have contributed to a blip in inflation.
高能源价格—智利几乎进口它所有的石油和天然气—已经导致了通货膨胀。

"We have also reduced people's vulnerabilities by increasing civil service pay, by settling arrears,all of which have contributed to corruption,".
If you have profit sharing in a firm or profit sharing in homework assignment, or any joint projects, you have to worry about too little effort being contributed because there's an externality.
如果你是一个公司的股东,或者和别人一起做作业及其他合作项目,你们需要注意到因为外部性,实际上每个人都付出了较少的努力
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Many observers say those policies have contributed to creating an impoverished, undereducated and isolated population.

We have contributed to many charitable causes but have never sought publicity for doing so.
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